Isaac and Ishmael: Faith Versus Flesh, Not Faith Versus Works
What is the difference between the manner of conception of Isaac and Ishmael? I ask this question because they are often used as an allegory for faith versus works. Isaac was born through faith in the promise of God and Ishmael by human works attempting to fulfill God's promise on His behalf. Ishmael turned out to not be the promised son and became instead the figurative father of works-based, legalistic religion such as Judaism and Islam (Gal 4:21-25), and indeed the literal father of the false prophet Muhammad. Isaac, on the other hand, became the only begotten son of Abraham (Heb 11:17), a type of the Lord Jesus Christ. The thought that Isaac was born through faith in the promise of God and Ishmael, through human works to fulfill that promise, omits something very important and this omission leads to an error that denigrates works in the Christian life. The error is corrected when we recognize the fact that Isaac was not a virgin birth. Abraham slept with Hagar, Sarah's ...